The Art and Science behind Ron Howards movies Essay

The Art and Science behind Ron Howards movies - Essay Example Although these two movies dive deeply into the struggles of human life: one inevitable (old age) and the other unfortunate (schizophrenia). This write-up explores Ron Howard’s work in both of these movies, focusing on the distinct style the director has used for respective storytelling. Director’s Cut Cocoon (1985) â€Å"Something extraordinary and unexpected can happen any time.† (Gray, 2003) Calling Cocoon just a science fiction movie would be wrong on my part and would not do justice to Howard’s vision of David Saperstein’s unpublished novel (Gray, 2003). The film explores multiple interwoven themes such as ageing, life’s sufferings associated with age, friendships, relationships, aliens etc. and genres such as comedy, science fiction and inspirational drama. There are several storylines that run throughout the movie; (i) that of three-retirement community senior citizens, Arthur (Don Ameche), Ben (Wilford Brimley), and Joe (Hume Cronyn) w ho yearn to bring back their youth and energy, which they used to rekindle their sexual desires and to engage in socializing and enjoying life once again (ii) another senior citizen Bernie (Jack Gilford) whose pessimistic attitude and stand on ethics costs him the life of his wife (iii) a group of aliens from planet Antarea led by Walter (Brian Dennehy) who return to earth in search of their fellow Antareans and who stumble upon emotions that could only be experienced by a human. The way Howard details the lives of all these individuals, particularly life in elderly homes (that can tend to be a dragging subject), is impressive. He shares the same stories from different perspectives, that of grandparents and grandsons, aliens and humans, young and old. The movie ends with senior citizens (except Bernie) joining the... This "The Art and Science behind Ron Howard’s movies" essay outlines the common features in Howrd’s movies and his filmmaking style. Calling Cocoon just a science fiction movie would be wrong on my part and would not do justice to Howard’s vision of David Saperstein’s unpublished novel (Gray, 2003). The film explores multiple interwoven themes such as ageing, life’s sufferings associated with age, friendships, relationships, aliens etc. and genres such as comedy, science fiction and inspirational drama. There are several storylines that run throughout the movie; (i) that of three-retirement community senior citizens, Arthur (Don Ameche), Ben (Wilford Brimley), and Joe (Hume Cronyn) who yearn to bring back their youth and energy, which they used to rekindle their sexual desires and to engage in socializing and enjoying life once again (ii) another senior citizen Bernie (Jack Gilford) whose pessimistic attitude and stand on ethics costs him the life o f his wife (iii) a group of aliens from planet Antarea led by Walter (Brian Dennehy) who return to earth in search of their fellow Antareans and who stumble upon emotions that could only be experienced by a human. He shares the same stories from different perspectives, that of grandparents and grandsons, aliens and humans, young and old. The movie ends with senior citizens joining the Antareans to opt for an eternal life on another planet and to undo the humiliation they have suffered from their age. It leaves with an ambiguous ending, questioning the rightness of their decision.

Paul Gustave Dore Essay Example for Free

Paul Gustave Dore Essay While accompanying his father and older brother in Paris, Gustave discovered the allure of Paris and made known his intention to remain and pursue his career as an artist (Hubbard 5-8). His work is generally considered as Romanticism and he has been labeled one of the greatest illustrators of his time. His lack of formal training created both derision among art critics and a cult following among common people who could relate to his work. He possessed a grasp of what would be popular among the common folks of his time and a flair for the dramatics in his works. It could be said that the Parisian Art world did not side with him because he did not struggle or starve as most artist did and his financial success was a threat to the very core of Art (McWilliam 829-830). His was a time of great discovery, both scientific and artistic, and an industrial revolution the likes of which gave wealth to the very few. When he abandoned caricature work, he did try to redeem himself but, could not break the yoke of commercial production and its promise of wealth (Hubbard 5-8). His inability to sway his critics and peers in his birthplace and formative city (Paris) forced him to ply his wares in England and across the Atlantic to the United States. Gustave Dore became the darling of England and America, and managed to make millions during his half century of life and produced a staggering amount of sketches. At one point of his career as an illustrator, he employed forty blockcutters (WebMuseum 1). Gustave Dore dabbled in both painting and sculpture during his later years and was purported to be a violinist and tenor singer (Hubbard 5-8). The work of Gustave Dore is both loved and spurned during his lifetime but, he certainly maintained a life of wealth his father could not have made and he owed it all to his prodigious pencil. The following works by Gustave Dore, we will examine his favored subjects and themes that showed the suffering of poor people and presented these in surrounding treatment that emphasized those suffering. . Extracted from a book by Blanchard Jerrold and illustrated by Gustave Dore. The book was commissioned as a type of guide through the many streets and venues of London, in essence a Tourist Book (Spartacus. choolnet. co. uk). Instead it became a rendition of the lower class and their plight. A story in the Port Cities: Leisure, health and housing Social conditions in the 19th-century Website cites the following: An artists impression of poverty For those whose imaginations could not be stirred by social commentators like Booth and Mearns, the French artist Gustave Dore (1832-1883) visited Lon don and produced horrific illustrations of life in the port areas that shocked public opinion. Although a commercial success, many of the critics disliked his work. The critics reaction Several critics were angry that Dore had appeared to focus on the poverty that existed on the waterfront, rather than on the finer aspects of life in the metropolis. He was accused by the Art Journal of inventing rather than copying. Completely missing the point, The Westminster Review complained that Dore gives us sketches in which the commonest, the vulgarest external features are set down. (PortCities London. org) Analysis of Formal Elements – One of the most fundamental elements of art is line. [Sayre 82] 1Variety and Quality of Lines Homeless people of London deadened on a bench, third quarter 19th century Figure 1 – Museum of Louvre department of the Graphic arts,  © Museums of France, 1998 Dore’s pencil drawing shows a clear outline of each figure with the use of a heavier line and the details using lighter lines. The implied and contour lines in the garments indicate worn use and filth. The vertical and horizontal rendering on the bench enables the viewer to perceive a seating area made of stone thereby heightening the plight of the homeless and impoverished that is depicted here. The development of each subject is made through the use of foreshortening and perspective. The foreshortening implies a reclining figure surrounded by seated figures. The perception of three dimensions is brought about through the use of reserve, or white background of the paper, on the standing baby and the face of the sleeping girl with a hat. The darker rendering of the other subjects suggest repose while the highlighted baby is awake. The cross hatching and hatching of the garments in uneven manner depicts clothing that is disheveled, worn, and filthy. Couple and Two Children Sleeping on a London Bridge Figure 1 – http://www. bergercollection. org/artwork_detail. php? i=167# Dore in Figure 2 now uses a more expressive line in the treatment of the subjects and dark heavy graduated in weight to specify large folds in the clothing and the edge lip of the bench, shown as details in Figure 3 and 4. A sepia wash is used to introduce as a possible element of a darkening sky dotted with white spots indicating stars. To the upper left of the figures is a depiction of crosses faintly visible implying the mast of tall ships thereby implying a port in the distance? The stone bench is still presented by straight vertical and horizontal lines but as opposed to Figure 1, it now shows details such as cracks that normally propagate in stone material. All the figures are dark and disheveled in appearance. Their clothing is depicted in an unkempt appearance and the scene shows a sense of separation from the upper class society because of the way they are lying on the bench, even though they are presented in a manner of dress inure to the upper class. My first impression was a family waiting for transportation to where I do not know after a night out on the town. Normally figures, during that century, waiting for transportation are sitting upright. Dore does not address in his drawing here the same condition as Figure 1. When I first saw this work, I chose not to look at the title and make some preconceived notion as to what was being depicted. When I noticed the implied ship mast in the background, which setup the next perception as a port, it inherently supported my theory of awaiting transportation. Alas, it was not correct and this may shed some light into Dore’s eventual illustration in Figure 5 of the same scene depicting a more impoverished set of subjects on a bench awaiting the light of day. Included as a reference to the depiction of poor vs. wealthy is Figure 6, one of just a few of the drawings the publisher thought would be prevalent in the book. Figure 1 – http://www. bergercollection. org/artwork_detail. php? i=167# Figure 2 – http://www. bergercollection. org/artwork_detail. php? i=167# London: A Pilgrimage, Asleep Under the Stars Figure 1 – http://www. cf. ac. uk/encap/skilton/illustr/index. html London: A Pilgrimage, A Ball at the Mansion House Figure 2 – http://www. cf. ac. uk/encap/skilton/illustr/index. html 2Spatial Strategy A Whitechapel Coffeehouse Figure 3 Use of a frontal recession, street level linear perspective is tantamount to depicting the main figures in this almost monochromatic painting. Dore’s lines are generalized and are meant to capture immediately the scene in its moment. The central figures show a more upright and important stance than the outlying supporting subjects. Their turned bodies show an intense attention to the entrance of these key figures. The key figures wardrobe is straight and the outlying figures show crumpled clothing which may imply poverty. It is not until the illustration in Figure 7 that the sense of desperation among the non-central figures is clearly delineated. It is also in this illustration that the claustrophic effect that Dore is famous for is in full effect. The painting shows a more elevated perspective than the illustration. I have started to question Dore’s intent in the production of these illustrations. Even though his name is clearly on the lower left corner on most prints, the blockcutters name is on the lower right. This clearly implies an employer to employee relationship and does not necessarily imply apprenticeship. The distinct change from study or conceptual drawing to print supports this remark. London: A Pilgrimage, A Whitechapel Coffeehouse Figure 4 – http://www. cf. ac. uk/encap/skilton/illustr/index. html 3Light and Color The Charity of the fishmongers: study in a district of London, 4th quarter 19th century Figure 1– Museum of Louvre department of the Graphic arts,  © Museums of France, 1998 Dore produced this work five years after the release of the illustrated book London: A Pilgrimage. His rendering of color does not lend itself well to translating key formal elements. Why he chose to color the gathering of men in red is in contradiction to the clear shaft of white light shining on the fishmonger and children. The gathering of men looks to be outside due to the street pole with what may be gaslights. It is reported that Dore was color blind and was not adept at color shading (Malan 1). If it were not for the title I may have mistook this as a gathering of children at a fish market with their caretaker. Under closer scrutiny it shows the children as lacking shoes and wearing torn soiled clothing. 4Texture and Pattern London: A Pilgrimage, Houndsditch Figure 2 – http://www. f. ac. uk/encap/skilton/illustr/index. html London: A Pilgrimage, Found in the Street Figure 3 – http://www. cf. ac. uk/encap/skilton/illustr/index. html Here again his lack of training shows through on the use of light, shading and shadows. His surrounding treatment is far below his work illustrating Dante’s Inferno or the Bible. Looking at Figure 10 gives th e impression that the candle is giving off more light than it is truly capable of producing. There is also an imbalance to the scene because of the light. Artistic license aside, I prefer George de la Tours rendering in Joseph the Carpenter [Sayre 175]. The Figures clearly show the impoverished condition that has befallen the subjects in the picture and shows, as if in a photograph, the dire predicament that requires immediate intervention 5Comparisons The well meaning Dore did have influences during his formative years and it came about through his beginnings as a caricature artist. Artist like Grandville was admired enough by Dore that he went to him for advice on matters concerning his art. Dore studied closely the work of the first comic strip artist Rodolphe Toepher and this may have created a caricature memory strategy that was difficult to overcome (Duncum 97, 98). Lion Devouring a Rabbit Figure 1 – Eugene DelaCroix DelaCroix’s lion bears a more realistic representation of the animal than the one Gustave Dore’s illustrated on the cover drawing (Figure 15) for the book London: A Pilgrimage. Dore’s lion seems to melt into the surrounding environment and the foreshortening of the front paw and rear paw are not in keeping with the rules of perspective. Hercules at the Crossroads Figure 2 – Albrecht Durer (Germany) circa 1498 London: A Pilgrimage, Gustave Dore Figure 3 – http://www. cf. ac. uk/encap/skilton/illustr/index. html Albrecht Durer’s treatment of the muscular human male may seem to fall within the same realm as Dore’s human male in his cover drawing but, it shows Dore’s lack of formal training in the way the back muscles are rendered. Durer studied human anatomy extensively including bone structure, which I believe Dore did not fully grasp. London: A Pilgrimage, Newgate Exercise Yard Figure 4 – http://www. cf. ac. uk/encap/skilton/illustr/index. html There have been questions in the art world as to the influence of Dore on other artist; one in particular is Van Gogh who referred to him as the Artist of the People (Study Light Org). † Van Gogh had produced a picture called â€Å"Prison Yard† and it was presented without reference to being after a major artist and this was not acceptable. The critic clearly states the resemblance of the picture to Dore’s above in Figure 17 and describes it as â€Å"a tolerably literal rendering of an illustration by Gustave Dore. † He does continue to deride Dore with the continuing remark â€Å"It seems as if Van Gogh had discerned, as others have, an occasional article of value in the rubbish-heap of Dore’s production (R. S. 250). This is but one example of Dore’s place in the Art Critics of his time. His development of the illustrations for the book London: A Pilgrimage brought about the issues of the paupers and homeless (Smith 997-1032). Smith projects the impression of France’s workhouses as being equal to the dreadful pictures of London in Gustave Dore’s book. In conclusion Gustave Dore succeeded in presenting to the populace at hand on the issues of poverty through study sketches that were transformed into illustrations. His rendered illustrations clearly showed the large divide between the wealthy and the poor. His handsomely paid commission did not affect what he saw as blight in society. His participation in this particular commissioned work allowed him to perform a service that could not be ignored, and his focus on the plight of the paupers created a controversy that most artists during his time could afford (Grew 204). The many sketches he made for this project is not readily encompassed by this study and many scholars are still building a repertoire of research into a man who turned a commercially paid venture into a social statement, which will provide students and teachers with questions still unanswered.

Business Plan for Educational Website

Business Plan for Educational Website 1.0 Executive Summary Stay Clean, is a site that is based on Environmental Management Practices Education. It is owned and operated by me, Morrison Edwards. I am determined to ensuring that people live in an environment free of contaminations and appealing to live in. I am thus taking the initiative to educate people on how we can make our environment friendlier for habitation. The people are taught to carry out environmental practices once in a month. The activities involved in the practices are quite simple and are meant to encourage people on how the little changes they make in the initiative can make an enormous difference to the environment and their personal lives. The sources of revenue supporting the plan are from my personal savings from employment. I will be organizing with other affiliate companies and retailers to provide me with the products I will require in the process. Our benefits will be commission based from the sales of the products used in the environmental management practice. Financially the strategy is aimed at making profits, and of most concern will be minimizing expenses. A portion of the profits will be ploughed back into the business while the rest will be used for personal growth. I believe that it is a just course to keep our environment clean as much as the initiative is also a money creating opportunity. The cash flow into the action is a priority as well as the cash balance. In accomplishing my goals, the following areas are going to be of emphasis. The web content must be of the best quality and interactive to the users. The tips will be elaborate and engaging, inspiring and empowering so that the users will share the tips quickly enough to improve the use of the website. The project is aimed for gross profits in the future and so I will cut the current expenses to meet my current demands. The products that will be required in the process of the affiliate companies will have to be recommended on the website for buying by the people so that the profits gained from the commission will be used in the initiative. Since I do not intend to use more money in the expenses the online marketing plan will have to be perfectly effected to meet the expectations. 1.1 Mission The website is an educational platform meant to teach people on how to maintain the environment clean by performing cleanliness practices at least twice in one month. For the entire year. I am looking forward to enlightening people so that they become more environmentally conscious. In the process the affiliate institutions and retailers will have the opportunity to sell their products. The profits will be shared among all the member parties, the producing companies, the retailers and me. 1.2 Objectives of the Plan i) To conducting weekly environmental teaching sessions. Educate people on how their contribution in maintaining the environment will reduce environmental hazards or detrimental environmental impacts on the general population. ii) At the end of the first year the website should have approximately 500 subscribers already signed up for the weekly tips on the environment. iii) The site must receive 10,000 customers monthly. iv) Profits will be evaluated within six months. v) The Profit will be redistributed to support the project and into personal savings. 1.3 Important Factors of success i) The Website content will have to be quality; the weekly tips will be elaborate and straightforward, friendly and inspiring. ii) The marketing of the site must be exquisite for maximum subscription iii) The expenses will remain flat to maximize profitability. iv) The products sold will be environmentally friendly and the buyers will have to be inspired so that the commissions care increased to make profits. 1.4 Summary of the Business The Stay Clean initiative is a small business website based in Marina and it is purposefully meant to enlighten the community on the effectiveness of cleanliness to minimise the impacts of environmental hazards. The cleanliness initiatives training will be conducted twice a month as explained on the website. The teaching sessions are conducted online on the website or on weekly meetings for an individual attendance. The weekly audience subscription is free. The business will be making profits from commission received by the sale of products obtained from the Affiliate Company and retailers supplying the products to be used in the initiative. 1.5 Financial Plan I am looking forward to starting the initiative with a capital of 3000 dollars obtained from my personal savings. This will be used to come up with the website and in facilitating services of the Affiliate Company and retailers. The money will also be spent on the legal purposes and acquiring the computer equipment and in registering the computer domain for the name of the website. The remaining expenses will remain untouched until income generation begins. 1.6 Ownership of the Business Initiative The Stay Clean Business initiative is a sole proprietorship, a plan created and founded by (name). It is an enlightenment effort as well for personal growth The Products involved The business does not produce the required products on its own. I am marketing earthly friendly products recommended for cleaning and maintaining the environment. The products will be acquired from a company and retailers who will be paying the commission based on the sales of the products made. The company and the retailers are the affiliate parties. The goods thus will not be costly thus the cost of production is cut. The fulfillment and the inventory levels or the customer service. The only risk involved in the business is that the profit is commission based and only received in terms of percentage of the sales obtained from mobilization through the website organised weekly teaching sessions, and not from the entire sales. The recommended environmentally friendly products are: i) Products that can be reused. These are products that can be put back into use like lunch bags, batteries etc. ii) Supporting consumption of organic foods: vegetables, fruits, and snack meals. iii) Paper products that can be recycled. iv) Cloth diapers. v) Kitchen products: Cloth rags, towels etc. vi) Herbal medicines. vii) Low water usage: Shower heads, horse pipes and equipment that reduce water use. viii) Books on environmental friendliness. xi) Solar powered appliances and the tools and equipment running on solar. x) Music about environmental maintenance and friendliness. Market analysis Out target market is the general community especially the internauts or the technology survey who can access the internet in the age bracket of 18-55 years. This is the target group that can be used to make the environment better. The secondary market target are the students of age 12-22 who can have adequate time engaging in the environmental management practices. The retired people are also focused as they have more free time to attend the training sessions. 4.2 Target market Segment Strategy Since our primary aim is to live in an environmentally friendly atmosphere while also making profits, we have particular reason for the targeted market 1. The students We engage them as they are technology survey and will pass the information faster to their associates, again they will embrace the initiative as they like clean surroundings 2. Adults It is the largest market and the biggest target. They are the individuals who will be purchasing the products thus significant in revenue generation. 3. The retirees. They have more free time and resources to spend on initiatives that are environmentally friendly. 4.3 Industry Analysis The website is meant for educational reasons and since the educational sites are hardly available the completion is slim. The existing environmental sites deal with either giving news on the environment or other environmental topics not related to the latter. The website is an environmental friendly pro initiatives marketing products aimed at improving the environment from which the sales will receive the profits that is commission based. 4.4 Buying patterns Our focus is on enlightening people on the products they knew never existed and going by the friendliness in the adverts and inspiration, the customers will definitely chose us over other competitors as the information provided is simple and comprehensive but not overwhelming. Those who shall have adopted the information will just be buying the products and mostly will be introducing more people thus an increase in the product sales increasing out profits. The product finding process will be simplified so that they can easily be found in the Affiliate Company and retailers. (Software, 2017). References Bryman, A., Bell, E. (2015). Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. Finch, B. (2016). How to write a business plan. Kogan Page Publishers. Hollensen, S. (2015). Marketing Management: A Relationship Approach. Pearson Education. Huynh, M., Appell, R., Stetkiewicz, M. (2014). Process mapping. Software, P. A. (n.d.). Educational Website Business Plan. Retrieved February 21, 2017, from http://www.bplans.com/educational_website_business_plan/financial_plan_fc.php

How To Win Friends and Influence people Essay -- GCSE Business Marketi

How To Win Friends and Influence people This book was written in 1936 by Dale Carnegie. Some of the terms and vocabulary used are dated but the advice and information can still be used today. It deals with communication with others and the need for all parties to be able to perceive the objective from the others' viewpoint. The perspective of the book is from a position of power or management but it can be useful to anyone that reads it. While this book is useful, it should be remembered it was written during a time when the people in the workforce had a very strong protestant work ethic socialized into them. The book is divided into four parts, and they are: Fundamental Techniques in Handling People. The next section is called: Six Ways to Make People Like You. The third chapter is titled: How to Win People to Your Way of Thinking. The final segment is called: Be a Leader: How to Change People Without Giving Offense or Arousing Resentment. The titles to the sections are somewhat blunt and imply manipulation instead of understanding or compromise but the book stresses seeing things from the viewpoint of others and resolving conflict in mutually acceptable ways. The emphasis of the book is teaching the skills necessary to use the collaborating conflict style and behavior modification. The first section, Fundamental Techniques in Handling People, has three principles. 1) Don't criticize, condemn or complain; this is the most difficult one to manage. 2) Give honest, sincere appreciation. Everyone has some positive traits. 3) Arouse in the other person a desire to please. Using these principles promote the ability for the individuals to have an open, honest conversation. This in turn creates a positive atmosphere for conflict resolution. The six principles of the second segment are, Six Ways to Make People Like You, 1) Be sincerely interested in other people. 2) Smile at people. 3) Remember and use a person's name. It relays a message. It tells people they are important to you. 4) Be a good listener and encourage other people to talk about themselves. 5) Talk in terms of the other person's interest. 6) Finally, make the other person feel important and do it honestly. The third section, How to Win People to Your Way of Thinking, has twelve principles. 1) The only way to get the best of an argument is to avoid it. 2) Show respect for the other person's ... ...ve tried to use some of the advice from the book for problems which occur frequently. I have had some success using his advice. I have found no real support for his assumption that most people behave rationally or use logic as a tool for decision making. For example, absenteeism is a major problem. I have an employee that worked part-time. She supports herself and one child. She was calling off from work about once a week. She and I discussed this, she said she was having problems with her car and needed money to have it fixed. She asked for a loan to have her it repaired. She wanted to work an extra day every week until the loan was repaid. Her car is now running well but she still misses at least once a week. Considering the loan payment that is withheld from her check, she is taking home less money than she did previously. I am sure she justifies this to herself in some manner but I fail to see any rational or logical explanation for her behavior. This book and others like it are used in seminars across the country for management training. Perhaps, the real purpose is to train management to work together in problem solving. That is where I have found it to be the most useful.

Cambodia Typical Families Essay

Most of the people of Cambodia live in villages and farm the land or fish to obtain their food. To see the real life and culture of how over three- quarters of the people of Cambodia live, you have to leave the cities and visit the villages. Houses are either in groups or strung out along a canal, river road or hillside. They are the source of Cambodian pride and satisfaction. All major events – birth, marriage, and death – occur within the villages. Cambodians are very shy people but very warm and welcoming to visitors. Their society is conservative, and centered around the family and religion. However, Cambodia is one of the poorest countries in Asia, with an average daily income of approximately US$1.30 a day. More than 80% of the people of Cambodia follow a traditional lifestyle in the countryside. The main occupants of a village are farmers and their families engage in traditional agriculture on small farm lots. The majority of farmers live in permanent villages known as sedentary villages. It may look idyllic, but subsistence farming is very hard. Most grow rice and basic crops. Each morning you can see workers walking to the fields carrying their tools and leading their water buffalo or cattle. At sunset they return to the shelter of the villages. Other villagers live in temporary shelters until the end of the growing season when they return to a village that is more permanent but which may be moved if new land is needed. These people are called shifting cultivators and they live in the more rugged upland areas. These people mostly belong to hill-tribes of Cambodia and live in the North-eastern provinces. Like almost all other countries in Asia, the Cambodian people’s main food is rice. Cambodian peasants have planted rice ever since the time of the Angkor Empire. At the present time they still implement their traditional techniques. Cambodia has a geographical advantage and is extremely blessed with good water resources. The people in the countryside still plant their rice seasonally. The most common time they would plant is in the wet or monsoon season. In the dry season, the only farmers who can plant their rice paddy fields are those near water. About 10% of the people of Cambodian run small businesses from their ‘shop houses’ (The front of their house is the shop, and the family lives behind this or above on the first story) and about 8% of people work for the government. Visitors will notice a huge gap between rich and poor. A few Cambodians are very rich, with big houses, expensive cars and servants, while the very poor live in small thatched houses and do not even have a bicycle. Country life follows the rhythm of the seasons around planting and harvesting the crops. After the rainy season you will see people climbing palm trees to obtain palm juice to make palm sugar. You can also see them fishing in the rivers and lakes to supplement their income. As in most other countries, rural people tend to marry younger (18 – 25 years for men and 16 – 20 years for women) and have more children (3 – 5). In contrast, urban men marry at 25 – 35ys of age and women at 20 – 25yrs and rarely have more than 3 children. Cambodians usually have 3 meals a day. Rice in some form is eaten at nearly every meal. Fish is the main protein. Poor people may have to make do with cold rice (left over from lunch time) and fish sauce for their evening meal. Despite the hardships of recent years, adult literacy has risen to 65%. It greatly varies over the country, and sadly less girls than boys continue with their education. Cambodia is experiencing a resurgence of traditional arts, especially classical dancing which was performed at the palace and folk dancing.

Illegal Street Racing

Illegal Street Racing Hi today I will be talking to you about illegal street racing. The purpose of this speech is to persuade you not to illegally street racing. The specific purpose is to persuade you not to illegally street race because of the dangers. I will be talking to you about the things that can happen while street racing, some facts about illegally street racing, things that have happened to some people, And lastly some things you can do to prevent street racing. Well I know some of you are wondering what is wrong with illegal street racing. For starters illegally street racing is against the law. And I know some of you are like so is popping fireworks in sirten states but fireworks doesn’t kill 37,000 people yearly in the United States of America. Street racers either drive their car with excessive speed on public roads causes deadly accidents or get crushed at illegal racing events. Car accidents are the leading cause of death of youth aged 16 to 20. The total of street racing fatalities was 72 in 2001. Street racing drivers can be arrested for months losing their license to drive to drive permanently and their cars will be impounded. Police pursuit accidents have an average of 300 to 400 deaths per year. More people die from street racing than in gangs. More people die from street racing than wrong way driving. In 2001, the National Highway Safety Administration reported that the police listed street racing racing as a factor in 135 fatal crashes. According to the California office of traffic safety, more than 800 citations for illegal street racing were issued in 2001. In San Diego, where the street racing problem has been termed â€Å"epidemic†, 16 death and 31 injuries were directly related to illegal racing in 2001. In Florida in 2011, 216 citations were issued for racing on the highway. When the sun goes down, drivers say illegal racing takes off on Tulsa streets. Tulsa police say a Friday night accident that injured four people was the result of street racing. A car racing southbound on Yale Avenue hit another driver turning onto the Creek Turnpike. Driver, David Morreau says he races for the thrill, â€Å" You get a pretty good adrenaline rush. It feels good,† but says he doesn’t race on Tulsa streets. Morreau thinks racing should stay on the track. Don Falleti lives near Memorial Drive. Police say it's another hot spot for street racing. â€Å"Friday nights and Saturday nights if you want a thrill just come on over at 9:30 or 10 o’clock at night,† Falleti said. Both drivers say they see no end in sight. â€Å" If you are going to do it, you can’t stop people from doing it. People are always going to do it, â€Å" Morreau said. Police warn if you are cought street racing you could end up with a reckless driving ticket that would cost $365. 00plus court costs and a higher insurance rate. . Street racing is a global problem that affects us all regardless of participation. More of our young people illegally street race than older. Street racing can be prevented by just going to were you need to go. People can stop street racing by playing video games. If you want to street race I advise you race a drag track. So I have hope you want illegally street race. So I have told you about the thing that can happen while street racing, some facts, things that have happened to people, and lastly thing you can do instead of illegally street racing. Thank you and have a great day

BOOK Report ---the Death Of Ivan Ilyitch Example

BOOK Report BOOK Report The Death of Ivan Ilyitc Hypocrisy and deceit are a way of life among the people around Ivan. Worse yet, most peopleare aware of it but choose to ignore it. As Ivan grows becomes ill, the hypocrisy around him upsets him as much as his illness. Tolstoy portrays the society as selfish and greedy people who do not care for real human relationships. He suggests that greed creates obstacles to proper living.Peters crossing-bowing way upon entering the death-chamber depicts hypocrisy. Praskovya invited Peter into her drawing room. This was not for joint comfort. It was to find out how she could utilize her husband’s pension. The knickknacks and furniture postulate obstacles to communication. Praskovyas shawl, snagged by the magnificent table edge, is as an attack on the worthless society life.Peter and Fedor were Ivan’s friends, yet when they heard he is dead, their only concern was their own promotions (Tolstoy 18). Fedor did not bother to go to Ivans service, and Peter only went from a sense of compulsion. Schwartz is the most deceptive character. While Peter got quite affected by Ivans death at the service, Schwartz is entirely unaffected.Ivans widow is also false. Together with Peter, they go through mourning activities. They do things because it is correct than because they feel any grief for Ivan. Doing what is appropriate makes them feel better for themselves (Tolstoy 29). Gerasim appears to be the only honest person in Ivan’s world. He is the only one who sees that Ivan is dying and can reassure him. He understands that Ivan suffers from fear of death and shows him compassion. Gerasim is sincere because he aware of his ultimate death in a manner no other person is. He knows that he will die, as Ivan is dying now (Tolstoy 33).Though Ivans condition is discouraging, the doctor still is not open with him. The doctor does not tell Ivan that he is dying. Ivan recognizes this and relates the lying doctor with the common class. This got seen as an admission that his work life was false. Ivan concludes that perhaps his work life, family life, friendships, and everything else was false.Tolstoy, Leo. The Death of Ivan Ilyich and Other Stories. Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Editions, 2004.

Why the South lost the civil War essays

Why the South lost the civil War essays During the first battle of Bull Run the Union troops ran in full retreat back to Washington DC. During this time General Lee told president Davis that give him ten thousand troops and he would capture Washington DC, Davis thought he was kidding and just laughed him off. Had Davis not been mistaken our country might very well be split in half. That is just one of the massive blunders the South committed during the war. Some of the other problems the South had during the war was lack of unity, unorganized, smaller and towards the end of the war low moral. Regardless of all else unity was the biggest challenge faced by the South. When you fight a war you need a strong united front. When the confederate was formed the central government. It was created to weak, it couldnt pass taxes or conscript troops into one main army. When your government cant pass laws for the good of the many then you have a conflict with unity. Another conflict of unity was the confederate troops were loyal first to their states and second to the confederacy. This an example of is during Shermans march through Georgia. When the men from Georgia heard the tales of looting, raping, and pillaging the number of deserters were in the thousands. Another problem with the South was its nature. There size was the South was agricultural in nature while the North was mostly manufacturing. The Norths big crops were wheat and corn. The Souths biggest crop was cotton. The North had the huge food supply while the South was growing cash crops. To make matters worse was South had less then half of the population of the North. Further more 1/5 of the Souths population were slaves and couldnt be allowed to fight in the war. During the first couple years of the war the South was lucky they were granted victory after victory. Though with the massive loss of life the South had begun to rea ...

Chromate Conversion Coating replacement Term Paper

Chromate Conversion Coating replacement - Term Paper Example This paper focuses upon corrosion as an essential process. It is one of the many ways in which nature recycles its contents. Kamis indicates that it is the destruction or deterioration of materials as a result of reaction with the environment and involves the electrochemical conversion of metals to its original form. Though the process of corrosion cannot be prevented, the rate at which it takes place can be reduced. Kamis in the article entitled â€Å"Cost of Corrosion† indicates that corrosion affects all materials, whether they are metal or non-metal. Chromate coating is a process that is used to reduce the rate of corrosion. Zhao et al indicates that it is a widely used method especially for A1 alloys in aerospace applications as it is considered to be very effective. However, Zhao et al points out that a number of factors including environmental regulations; the requirements for increased service life of airplanes; and the high cost of preventative maintenance has forced the US Air Force to search for other environmentally friendly methods of reducing the rate of corrosion that are also an improvement over the use of chromate. Zhao et al also indicates that an understanding of how CCCs protect metal surfaces against corrosion is fundamental to any research. As Kamis points out a proper understanding of corrosion along with the appropriate engineering application would lead to a major reduction in its damaging effects as well as the costs associated with it. 2.0 Factors influencing chromate replacement There are a number of factors that have contributed to the need for replacing chromate as a coating. They range from environmental concerns which have led to regulations governing the quantities of chromium that is included in certain processes. Additionally, the need to increase the service life of assets means that the replacement required should be able to exceed the level of protection that chromate provides. Furthermore, it needs to be a cost effe ctive technique that will facilitate cost savings in situations where the cost of corrosion preventative maintenance is considered too high. 2.1 Environmental Regulations The National Center for Manufacturing Sciences (NCMS) in their report – â€Å"Alternatives to Chromium for Metal Finishing† points out that the need to find alternatives to replace chromium has been mainly influenced by the effects on the health of humans as a result of exposure to hexavalent chromium which is considered to be a cancer causing agent in humans (1.1). In fact, Pellerin and Booker in their article â€Å"Reflections on Hexavalent Chromium: Health Hazards of an Industrial Heavyweight† indicates that from as early as the 1920’s people who worked in the chrome ore industry in Germany were found to be developing cancer at a rate that exceeded that of the general population (A402). Additionally, people who worked in areas where industrial processes were being carried out suffered from higher rates of both lung and nasal cancers (A402). Therefore, NCMS sees it as no surprise that there are concerns relating to high exposures of the substance in the workplace and the environment generally. NCMS points out that various concerns have led to a number of consequences including: i. increased liability associated with claims for both exposure at the workplace and environmental exposure; ii. increases in the cost of tracking inventories, monitoring and controlling emissions, reporting the use of compounds that consist of chromium, as well as the disposal of waste which contains chromium; and iii. strict rules and regulations relating to the limits for discharging dissolved chromium in waste water (1.1). Kermani and Harr (8) indicate that if corrosion is left unchecked other health and safety issues arise. If plant and equipment are not maintained then the integrity of plant and equipment as well as their serviceability. This will result in leaks and discharge of fla mmable

Innovation to Sustainability of Lexus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Innovation to Sustainability of Lexus - Essay Example 2010, p.1). This paper will then critically discuss the sustainable innovation results of Lexus Company in relation to Lexus CT 200h series. Evaluative Points Innovation strategy Lexus has been amongst the highest ranked company in motor vehicle industry. The innovation of the name Lexus which is associated with luxury has attracted many customers to these products since it is a symbol status. The company has introduced some of the most advanced vehicle with modern features to meet the users’ needs. The company has open day sessions where they involve their clients in displaying their vehicles. The customers have had an opportunity to make their contributions on the brand of vehicle that they need. One of the important aspects of innovation in Lexus is to bring about competitive advantage within the market. The company conducts field study and assess the customers’ tastes and preferences so as to come up with vehicles that meet their needs. The innovation in this compan y has led to continuous improvements in the industry. The vehicles are produced with specific features that suit specific tasks. The materials used to develop the vehicles are mixed with chemicals therefore making them more durable. The vehicllles manufactured are safe for most users. They use less fuel therefore conservint the environment and saving on fuel expenditure. (Pellissier, 2008, p.98) Although this can be achieved through many ways, the biggest problem or challenge is how to sustain it especially in the competitive auto world where cars are unveiled every year. The company products are being imitated by other companies therefore losing originality. The innovation comes with additional cost thus making the price of vehicles too high to the customers. The vehicles require regular It is important to have competitive markets but also it is equally important to look at the organization of firms. This is important for competitive advantage because organization is important in d etermining how resources are allocated and utilized. Lexus organization is similar to that of its mother company Toyota which is decentralized with each entity being autonomous (Stirman, Kimberly, Cook, Calloway, Castro, & Charns, 2012, p.1). Research and developments The company has carried out many researches to come up vehicles that suit the needs of different customers. The company conduct field studies to assess different terrain so that they can make vehicle for specific areas. In the materials used to make the vehicle they conduct tests to ascertain their durability and strength. The vehicles have evolved through many stages, designs and designs to meet the changing trends in consumer tastes and preferences. The company has grown into an international company exporting vehicles to all regions of the globe. The company has set up assembly subsidiaries in many parts of the world so as to meet the consumer needs wants and needs (Roy, 1994, p.103). The research and development ha ve led to dynamic transformation in the vehicles produced by the company. The vehicles of the company have been tailor made to adapt to various demographics. The researches have set up high standard on the quality of vehicle. The research and developments have led to an increase in market for the company products. The company has researcher for different matters therefore giving the company a competitive advantage since the researchers are specialized. The vehicles of Lexus are manufacture in accordance with the researchers’

The movie Maria Full of Grace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The movie Maria Full of Grace - Essay Example Maria, Frida and Tita are women that become faced with challenges in life and had to make hard decisions. In Maria Full of Grace, the character Maria is the main character becomes faced with difficult situations in life. Maria Together with other two girls, engage in transporting large quantities of cocaine, from Colombia to New York. At a tender age of 17 years, the young Colombian girl becomes forced to go into selling drugs after she remained the only daughter her family depended on. Despite her harsh economic status even after quiting job from her previous employer. In addition to her problems, she still got pregnant and refused to marry the guy. With increased financial pressure coming from both sides, Maria decided to make a terrible decision. Maria decides to join the Cocaine business as a transporter while in her pregnancy state just to raise money for the up keep of the unborn and her family. In comparison to Tito in the movie Like Water for Chocolate, she also became faced with challenges that made her take appropriate choices. In the beginning of the movie, one could realize the undying love Tita and Piedro had for each other, though her mother, Mama Elena did not consent their union. Piedro ends up marrying his eldest sister, Rosaura. Tita continued her pursuit for her lover by ensuring she cared her nephew after birth more than her sister. Her mother on realizing how Piedro and Tita came closer each day due to the Rosaura’s child, she arranges for Piedro and Rosaura to move to a distant place. This stressed Tita as she was deeply in love with Piedro and his son. The main character in the film Frida, also proved to be a strong willed woman. Even after getting polio, getting involved in an accident, she still manages to pull herself together and learn how to walk. It is her determination to walk after such an accident that shocks many. Furthermore, after recovery from the hospital, Frida manages to walk, but in pain. Are they fit choices or no t? From the three movies, a lot could be derived from the hardships they underwent to become what they did. These women hard to make tough choices some of which were inimical while others good. Tina after struggling with Mother Elena in life and even after life with her ghost, eventually becomes freed from the snare of tradition to marry her true love Piedro despite the many challenges that stood on her way. Tita knew that her eldest sister became forced to marry Piedro in an attempt to obey traditions and hence still persisted knowing Piedro will do in response. The story hence is a love story of two lovers that became bound to be together for life and afterlife. The main obstacle to Tita was her mother, Elena whom hated her. For instance, even after getting hurt after raiders injured her, she still refused food brought to her by Tita, eventually dying due to ingesting overdose of emetics. Tita’s choice of loving Piedro for life proved a terrific idea. For instance, after Pi edro and his wife moved to San Antonio with their child, it died since it was deriving its love from Tita. In as much as she was the youngest in the family, she treated her mother well, though her mother treated her badly. In the movie, when she becomes tormented by the ghost of Elena, she made a decision to condemn it. This ended up badly as Piedro became consumed with the dying flame from the ghost. Another decision Tita made was telling her husband John of her undying love for Piedro. John accepts, but just tells her to decide. Tita eventually agrees to get married to Piedro which they end up enjoying their passion to death. Maria engages in the illegal

Software Procurement Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Software Procurement Strategies - Essay Example Lack of enough expertise internally has been shown to cause huge application delays on the delivery time, high cost of procuring and deploying the application and lack of proper documentation. When applications are developed in house there will be need to have technical member(s) of staff (Hunt & Westfall, n.d.). This will increase the operating cost of the school. When developing applications in-house most businesses are only concerned with the functionality of application. While applications need to work correctly there is a sense in that some standard methods of developing an application must be followed (Lin & Tsui, 2000). Developing an application internally there are risks of developing an application that does not meet industry accepted standards is high. The danger of not having a standardized application is that one changes need to be done on the application it could turn into a catastrophic collapse of the entire application. Computer applications grow, as businesses grow. With this in mind, developing an application must follow standards that will allow easy evolution of the application without requiring a full re-development in case changes are required except where business requirements have changed. Customization is a process which an institution procures an application with general specifications or requirements and then modifies it to meet its specific need (Nelson, et al., 1998). When the school intends to procure an application using this method they will have some challenges they have to overcome. The risks involved in such procurement are: Applications that are acquired in this method need to be easy to customize. This is only a desire that is not met many times. Applications that have been developed elsewhere may have classes, interface, or methods that are difficult to customize. This will lead to low

Contract Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Contract Law - Essay Example Again, Sudbury confirmed that child labour was not used and at the same time stated that their chocolate contained 95% cocoa solids and was â€Å"the best in the world†. These statements have convinced Buywise to enter into a contract with Sadbury, not being aware of the fact that these statements do not correspond to the reality and they are simple lies. Buywise would not have entered into a contract with Sadbury unless it would have been assured by the latter regarding the quality and non-usage of child labor. According to Richards P. (217) â€Å"A misrepresentation may be defined†¦ as a false statement of fact that induces another to enter into a contract.†1 It is obvious that Sadbury has made a false statement regarding its products in order to induce Buywise to enter into a contract with it. Moreover, this statement was practically the reason that convinced Buywise to sign the contract. In the case of Derry v Peek (1880) the House of Lords concluded that â€Å"Fraud is established where it is proved that a false statement is made: (a) knowingly; or (b) without belief in its truth; or (c) recklessly, careless as to whether it be true or false.†2 Therefore, I believe that Sadbury can be held liable for fraudulent misrepresentation Once the fact of fraudulent misrepresentation has been established, Buywise has the right to rescind the contract. The Misrepresentation Act expressly stipulates that â€Å"Where a person has entered into a contract after a misrepresentation has been made to him by another party thereto and as a result thereof he has suffered loss, then, if the person making the misrepresentation would be liable to damages in respect thereof had the misrepresentation been made fraudulently, that person shall be so liable notwithstanding that the misrepresentation was not made fraudulently, unless he proves that he had reasonable ground to believe and did believe up to the time the contract was made the facts represented were true.†3Therefore,

Christian Believes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Christian Believes - Essay Example He gave them the ability to control nature, which was created in order to allow people to have everything necessary for their lives. Many modern scholars believe that Christianity is responsible for the deterioration of the environment and the emergence of serious problems such as global warming, pollution of the planet, etc. However, if one reads the Bible attentively, he/she will see that the Bible urges people to respect nature and the environment based on a rational and careful use of natural resources. God created nature and gave the man the ability to control it: The Bible focuses particular attention on the responsible attitude of people to nature. In particular, in the Old Testament, Jewish people had been instructed to give the land an opportunity to rest for 50 years, so it could be used after (Lev. 25. 8-11). In addition, God forbade the Jews to destroy the trees growing in the cities that they wanted to capture (Deut. 20.19). Thus, Christianity justifies the need to take care of nature, because nature gives people all that they need for their harmonious life. Unfortunately, violence continues to be one of the most common forms of misunderstanding between people. Throughout the world, one can observe various forms of violence that often lead to casualties. As an example of violence, one can consider the type of violence caused by racial hatred. Many countries have faced this serious problem. United States is no exception. In the US, racial hatred led to the death of many people. Many people who have been victims of such violence believed that they had the right to use violence in response. Nevertheless, Christianity represented by the Bible and especially the New Testament opposes any form of violence, in particular caused as a result of racial hatred. Jesus Christ has marked a completely new approach to the problem of violence. He urged people to eradicate violence in the community and learn to love each other,

Software Procurement Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Software Procurement Strategies - Essay Example Lack of enough expertise internally has been shown to cause huge application delays on the delivery time, high cost of procuring and deploying the application and lack of proper documentation. When applications are developed in house there will be need to have technical member(s) of staff (Hunt & Westfall, n.d.). This will increase the operating cost of the school. When developing applications in-house most businesses are only concerned with the functionality of application. While applications need to work correctly there is a sense in that some standard methods of developing an application must be followed (Lin & Tsui, 2000). Developing an application internally there are risks of developing an application that does not meet industry accepted standards is high. The danger of not having a standardized application is that one changes need to be done on the application it could turn into a catastrophic collapse of the entire application. Computer applications grow, as businesses grow. With this in mind, developing an application must follow standards that will allow easy evolution of the application without requiring a full re-development in case changes are required except where business requirements have changed. Customization is a process which an institution procures an application with general specifications or requirements and then modifies it to meet its specific need (Nelson, et al., 1998). When the school intends to procure an application using this method they will have some challenges they have to overcome. The risks involved in such procurement are: Applications that are acquired in this method need to be easy to customize. This is only a desire that is not met many times. Applications that have been developed elsewhere may have classes, interface, or methods that are difficult to customize. This will lead to low

Christian Believes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Christian Believes - Essay Example He gave them the ability to control nature, which was created in order to allow people to have everything necessary for their lives. Many modern scholars believe that Christianity is responsible for the deterioration of the environment and the emergence of serious problems such as global warming, pollution of the planet, etc. However, if one reads the Bible attentively, he/she will see that the Bible urges people to respect nature and the environment based on a rational and careful use of natural resources. God created nature and gave the man the ability to control it: The Bible focuses particular attention on the responsible attitude of people to nature. In particular, in the Old Testament, Jewish people had been instructed to give the land an opportunity to rest for 50 years, so it could be used after (Lev. 25. 8-11). In addition, God forbade the Jews to destroy the trees growing in the cities that they wanted to capture (Deut. 20.19). Thus, Christianity justifies the need to take care of nature, because nature gives people all that they need for their harmonious life. Unfortunately, violence continues to be one of the most common forms of misunderstanding between people. Throughout the world, one can observe various forms of violence that often lead to casualties. As an example of violence, one can consider the type of violence caused by racial hatred. Many countries have faced this serious problem. United States is no exception. In the US, racial hatred led to the death of many people. Many people who have been victims of such violence believed that they had the right to use violence in response. Nevertheless, Christianity represented by the Bible and especially the New Testament opposes any form of violence, in particular caused as a result of racial hatred. Jesus Christ has marked a completely new approach to the problem of violence. He urged people to eradicate violence in the community and learn to love each other,

Annotated Bibliography Essay Example for Free

Annotated Bibliography Essay Juleen K. Buser, Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development 37.2 (April 2009): 94-104 This article is a great article that relates to African Americans seeking mental health treatment at lower rates than whites. The article states that this disparity can be attributed to attitudes toward services, alternate coping, and differences in care. This article also illuminates biases in counseling. Snowden, Lonnie R, Barriers to Effective Mental Health Services for African Americans, Vol. 3, Issue 4, 181-187 (Dec. 2001). Social Services and Welfare, Psychology This article states that many African Americans do not seek proper mental health care. It states that the ones that do generally drop out. The article attempts to define the causes and the effects that would help alleviate this problem. McField, Edward, Culture, acculturation, and social capital: Latinos and use of mental health services. Loma Linda University, 2010. 3405317 This article states that Latinos suffer from the same mental disorders as others, but when they do, they receive less than standard care. The article gives the results of studies that state that state that there is an association between acculturation, models of illness, stigma, need, and mental health service use. Organista, Kurt C. New Model for Latinos in Need of Social Work Services, Social Work, 54.4, (Oct 2009). 297-305 This article is wonderful in that it gives some of the best pragmatic models and concepts in the cultural competence literature. This article states ways in which to enhance cultural sensitivity, as well as increasing awareness of the Latino experience and understanding of problem patterns in their historical, social, and cultural contexts. Borup, J. (1999, May/June). Foundations of social work practice with lesbian and gay. Families in Society, 80.3, 308-309. Describes a foundation for helping gay and lesbians for the human services worker. When helping or working with a person who is gay or lesbian it is important to have knowledge of professional literature,  experiences from professional peers, history, and the actual case information. It is also important to remember the family history, for this characterizes and confronts any myths associated with this particular lifestyle. The lack of social support and homophobia can create consequences to those who are not accepting of this community. The author is educating students about the knowledge and facts on working with the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender community and the most important is the code of ethics for social workers. Cavet, J. (2000, Oct). Children and young people with a hidden disability: and examination of the social work role. British Journal of Social Work, 30.5, 619. The recent study described that children and young people with hidden and impairment received a social work service which was at a minimal level. It is recognized that the level of social services intervention available to these families may be a reflection of a low priority assigned to disabled children. A change in priorities is needed which recognizes the importance of knowledgeable support to disabled children as a means of improving their environment and reducing families stress levels and the likelihood of abuse or rejection. Copeland, C.A. (2011, January/February). School librarians of the 21st century using resources and assistive technologies to support students’ differences and abilities. Knowledge Quest, 39.3, 64-69. This article describes the many ways librarians can help differently abled children realize they are special. And by librarians having all the resources (informational and technical) they can further help these differently abled children understand how truly especially able they are. It opens their eyes to their own gifts and abilities and this helps the librarians these abilities to develop the information literacy skills and multi-literacies necessary for lifelong learning. The National Center for Education Statistics shows that approximately one in seven students have one or more characteristics society defines as a disability. Technologies can be selected and so they can best meet the needs of the students who are differently abled. Donahue, P. (2005, July-September). Current perspective and future directions  for social work practice and research. Families in Society, 86.3, 359-366. This article describes the aging gay and lesbian community. Past research of this community focused more on the gay White man, well-educated, active in the gay community and high socioeconomic backgrounds. This study examines current roles of social work regarding research with older gay men and lesbians and presents recommendations for both practice and research in the years ahead. Not only is this community of sexism, they are also victims of ageism. Future work must strive to be more representative of older lesbians, geographic diversity, and classes because these variables play an important role in shaping the gay aging experience. Bell-Tolliver, L., Burgess, R., Brock, L. J. (2009). African American therapists working with African American families: An exploration of the strengths perspective in treatment. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 35(3), 293-307. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/220979644?accountid=35812 When working with African Americans and Native Americans human service workers must consider important factors. When doing a study researches found 5 strengths that African Americans showed. They have strong kinship bonds, strong work orientation, adaptability of family roles, strong achievement orientation, and strong religious orientation. African American family is defined as an intimate association of persons of African descent who are related to one another by a variety of means, including blood, marriage, formal adoption, informal adoption, or by appropriation; sustained by a history of common residence in America; and deeply embedded in a network of social structures both internal to and external to itself (Bell, 2009). Waites, C. (2009). Building on strengths: Intergenerational practice with African American families. Social Work, 54(3), 278-87. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/215269004?accountid=35812 These families are diverse groups of people with their own ideas, opinions, and values. African American families have strengths, and that the use of those strengths within the therapeutic setting can lead to successful outcomes. We also believe that understanding the strengths of African American families can help mental health professionals develop successful treatment outcomes for families. It is critical that professionals gain an understanding of how these strengths impact the functioning of the African American family to empower families who are struggling. When helping this group we should focus  on their strengths and not their weaknesses (Waites, 2009). Michael, T. G., Eugene, F. P. (2000). Red as an apple: Native American acculturation and counseling with or without reservation. Journal of Counseling and Development: JCD, 78(1), 3-13. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/219014436?accountid=35812 The United States Bureau of Indian Affairs (1988) legally defines Native American as a person who is an enrolled or registered member of a tribe or whose blood quantum is one fourth or more genealogically derived from Native American ancestry. When working with Native Americans one must remember that they are very religious and hold traditional values and beliefs. They practice only traditional tribal customs and methods of worship. However some Native Americans may be more willing in the practices of other cultures. That is why the counselor must not make assumptions without gathering further information (F.P, 2000). Kathleen, A. E. (2000). Counseling with Native American Indians and Alaska Natives. Families in Society, 81(5), 543-543. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/230163172?accountid=35812 Culturally based treatments may be needed. This group can be offended very easily and the counselor must be careful not to overbear (A.E, 2000). Latino-Kuglin, M. (2009). Latino outreach. Children Libraries, 7(3), 42-46. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/212161869?accountid=35812 â€Å"Its a way to celebrate Latino heritage, literacy, and families coming together at the library, said Watts. She said Dà ­a celebrations at HCL have two goals. The first is to celebrate the heritage of the community that we see already. Weve got libraries that have large Spanish- speaking populations that actively use the library, so this is a way to celebrate and acknowledge the community that is already there. No-show: Therapist Racial/ethnic Disparities in Client Unilateral http://psycnet.apa.org. N.p. In the present study, the authors examined the source of racial/ethnic minority disparities in unilateral termination form of dropout that is associated with poor alliance and outcome. First, the authors must be tested whether some therapists were more likely to have clients who reported unilaterally terminating as compared with other therapists. Next, the authors examined 2 competing hypotheses regarding the therapists role in  termination disparities: (a) that racial/ethnic disparities in unilateral termination are similar across therapists and thus due to other components of the treatment process or (b) that racial/ethnic disparities in unilateral termination are specific to therapists, where some therapists are more likely, on average, to have higher rates of unilateral termination with REM clients as compared with white clients.

The History Of Correctional Systems

The History Of Correctional Systems The correctional system is an umbrella term referring to a range of mandates directly executed or administered by jurisdictional justice institutions, which entails the castigation, management, supervision and rehabilitation of convicted offenders. These mandates are often accomplished through incarceration, parole and probation, while prison presents the most popular correctional agency globally. The system is alternatively recognized as a penal system because it concerns a network of institutions that are the overseers of nations prisons, alongside community-based initiatives, such as parole as well as probation boards. The system is notably a subdivision of the state criminal justice department, which operates in coordination with the police, prosecutor alongside the judges. Countries throughout, but mainly in the Western world exhibit entities, correspondingly, of corrections and related services, or identically named departments. The paper aspires to present an exceptional resea rch on the correctional system between Western and Asian countries, by providing a general overview, history, role of the department among other aspects. Before presenting ideal country models from the two continents; distinctively the US and Japanese correctional systems, followed by a discussion, and a summary of the entire paper. Overview According to Haasenritter (2003) corrections also involve an academic discipline encompassing hypotheses, codes, and programs relating to its purpose. Its intellectual goals involve human resources training, administration, and the experiences of offenders, who are the uncooperative subjects of correctional practice. Conventionally, the process was reportedly recognized as penology, meaning the study of chastisement for crime. The terminology shift to corrections took place around the 1950s and 1960s, reportedly spurred by a prevailing ideology focusing on rehabilitation. This was coupled with concrete restructuring of practices in numerous correctional facilities or prisons. Such awarding increased privileges to prisoners, given an attempt to instill a communally inclined atmosphere, and progressively, many detention facilities became correctional agencies, while their administrators resumed the title correctional officers. A correctional facility is where arrested offenders are nor mally detained and denied a number of individual rights, or incarcerated in relation to the formal castigation, as ordered by the state to be executed by the justice agency. The various conceptual but of analogous connotations with correctional facility involves penitentiary, remand and detention centre, along with jail, though in some jurisdictions some of the titles may pose distinct connotations. Suspected offenders who face criminal charges might be contained in detention facilities incase of bail denial, inability or reluctance to settle bail. A criminal advocate might also be detained while pending verdict, and if confirmed guilty, can face a custodial sentence obligating incarceration. Correctional facilities can occasionally be utilized as internment even to those who have not committed any offense, or as a political oppression tool to hold political convicts of principles, alongside enemies of the state, which is a common trend with totalitarian regimes as reported by Haasenritter (2003). A correctional facility notably involves institutional establishment and management of prisons. Verdicts imposed upon criminals normally include probation, bail and incarceration among others such as transitional sanctions, which involves house arrest or communal service initiatives, and electronic supervision. Nonetheless, the application of sanctions that can either require compensation or castigation presents the foundation of all criminal phenomenons, besides the prime objectives of civic restraints, and suppression of offensive behavior. Most detention centers operating in the Western countries when compared to their Asian counterparts often adhere to distinctive correctional codes as suggested by Hill (2009). Even though usually profoundly tailored, these codes define the nature of the corrections facility plan as well as security operations. The two basic hypothesis applied contemporarily involves the conventionally inclined Remote Supervision alongside the modernly inclined direct administration models. With the conventional model, officers monitor the convicts from rem ote alienated positions such as towers or safe desk quarters, as the modern approach positions the agents within the correctional cells, thus ensuring a more direct presence. History of the correctional system History of the correctional system is normally divided into distinctive periods. The ancient correctional history is often recognized as the period between 2000 BC and 1800 AD. This period witnessed numerous correctional events ranging from primeval Babylonian and Sumerian theories, to the emergence of the penitentiary model in America. But between these two practices, other diverse codes and practices were witnessed, with extreme oppression of offenders dominating the conventional correction endeavors. Primarily, a change from lex salica to lex talionis practice was one of the key developments in the early correctional system. Lex salica refers to a form of vigilante rule or mob justice where the offended individual or group instigates vengeance, given the belief that crime perpetuators deserves to surfer for their crimes. This stance presents the first documented model of justice, and was later replaced with lex talionis. The lex talionis models concerns the changeover time when ad ministrations adopted the vengeance business, under the notion that the jurisdiction owns offense as opposed to the victims or their relatives as noted by Unnithan (2000). Primarily, the lex talionis was exceptionally restricted to slaves as well as the less fortunate, but was progressively recognized as the main justice form. Secondly, historical records also indicate a change from physical castigation to emotional reprimand across the ancient chronological era, with primeval discoveries revealing barbaric torture equipments that were reportedly applied to castigate inmates. However, the change from the empire system to state administration signaled more reliance on flogging or whipping for both Western and Asian nations. Moreover, the inclination to psychological castigation was grounded from religious codes, but mainly the belief in natural law, a common practice in the Ancient Western nations. According to OConnor (2005), natural law regards a multifaceted theory, known as the ecclesiastical law that entailed the ceremonies together with rituals which, for instance, was used by the Church to translate Canon law. This implies that in the era, judicial practitioners had to pursue doctorates and be approved to serve as law experts, and such religious involvement in correctional procedures mainly assisted to reducing arbitrary and capricious state or jurisdictional practices. Nevertheless, the Age of Enlightenment that materialized over the Eighteenth Century ensured an even better acknowledgment of human dignity, and contributed to a drop in inmate torturing, as well as a shift and popularity of correctional emotional suffering. The period also witnessed the abandonment of underground to aboveground correctional facilities. The most popularly known underground detention base was the Mamertime of Rome, which boosted an extensive structure of dungeons lying below the citys sewage facility, linked to the surface through a large entranceway as suggested by Rhodes (2007). Historical documentation on the facility also covered crucifix signs that later became the symbol of the church. However, corporal punishment, such as body parts amputations and floggings was conventionally a popular Asian states practice as compared to the Western nations, though both regions reported prisoner torture, rapes, beatings, as well as execution. Death sentence in ancient days was considerably horrific, with the common approaches entailing fire lynching, stoning, beheading, disjointing of body parts through barbaric means, impaling, disemboweling, whipping and hanging. However, incarceration as the ideal castigation practice only emerged after the domination of transportation along with penal slavery or servitude penalty practices. Transportation involved deportation to a far away land, while penal servitude concerned temporary leasing into slavery, given a specific period of time (Liang Wilson, 2008). The practice became quite trendy with Spanish-administered territories, thus regarding Spain as the modern founders of the surface prisons known as the Spanish presidios with an 810 partitions, which gave birth to the contemporary correctional cells. Though, a modern description of a correctional facility requires solid doors, locks, walls, bars, as well as cells. Furthermore, a prison must have prison officers, guards, and taskmasters as well as cadre of attendants, to resourcefully implement a 24 hour control. Whereas the 1555 built London Bridewell became the correctional center in England, but Rome hosted the leading correctional designs that in volved vast, multi-functional facilities with distinctive individual cells. Comparing the correctional systems Numerous distinctions exist between the Western and Asian prisons with comparison reports showing diversities between correctional facilities and practices. For many decades, inmates were been detained in dungeons, sewer detention hulks, concentration centers and in gulags, boot camps, unoccupied islands, as well as in penitentiaries as noted by Feldbaum et al (2011). Though forced incarceration represents the most popular aspect of corrections, various nations have indicated promising breakthroughs to establishing options to convict internship. As per the fifth UN Survey of Crime Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (SCTOCJS), the key components of the contemporary formal castigation involve life custody, physical torture, temporary sentencing, probation, bails, and communal programs. In most jurisdictions, serious felonies are avenged with correctional internship irrespective of legal practice or developmental level. However, prison incarceration tendency differ widely between the Western and Asian nations with the US, and Russia leading in confinement population, while India and Japan exhibit the lowest rates as noted by Geraci (2003). The inmate population has expanded in most Western countries with leading once ranging from Italy, Holland, France, England, Portugal and Germany, though other Asian countries have also reported overcrowding in correctional facilities. In distinction with the US, which leads in punitive felony laws among the Western nations, Japan exhibits negligible correctional internship rates among the Asian nations (Smyer Burbank, 2009). Over the last four decades, Japan has not witnessed prison congestion. With minimal misdemeanor level, few criminals are convicted, showing minimal dependency on the system as compared to other developed nations, thus inclining more towards monetary reimbursement and communal sentences (Haasenritter, 2003). Correctional verdicts are short term, not exceeding 20 months. Numerous aspects restrict detention in Japan, involving civic prosecutors and judges. Besides the fact that about 90 percent of suspects plead guilty accords the adjudicators better ruling discretion, with a 1996 correctional report noting that about 80 percent of the citizens and convicts as well trusted the system. Human rights, regarding corrections, first emerged in the public domain around the 1970s towards the end of Chinese Cultural civil upheavals (Liang Wilson, 2008). The US and Western Europe takes direct credit for prompting global human rights movements. Until currently, Asian states such as China as well as Indonesia were quite underdeveloped as compared to the West, for extensive focus to be awarded to human rights besides potential infringements of such rights. With negligible Indonesians and Chinese seeking asylum in the West, they never attracted attention and hence nominal focus was given to the two distance nation, and archipelago respectively. Until the 1970s when the West only became infatuated with their cultures as opposed to correctional human rights issues. Over the 1980s, Turkey appeared in the spotlight for detaining extensive population of political convicts, and reportedly made efforts to free political detainees by the end of the decade. Whereas in 1962, Myanmar, Ge neral Ne Win assumed the leadership of the former Burma. Regardless of winning the Nobel Peace Prize in 1991, Aung San Suu Kyi the states leading activists has persisted to reside under house confinement, with extended oppression of opposition leaders in the country (Wu Zongxian, 2003). With espousal of numerous substantial accords to revere human rights, various Asian nations have exercised extensive political confinement, including China, Indonesia, India, Afghanistan, Burma, Iraq, Iran, and Israel, though other Western countries such as Soviet Union, Poland, Turkey, Greece, and Yugoslavia are also contemporarily guilty of violating human rights. As political offenders persists to prosper in the human rights age, usually as a result of economic, martial, and political associations between nations. Moreover currently, in advanced Western nations, there is insignificant industrious work for inmates, with the key basis being the disagreement of syndicate workforce and syndicate business to rivaling with penitentiary labor. As noted by Liang Wilson (2008), the international judicial system is faced with the problem of legislating global correctional codes. Most nations have experienced correctional congestion challenges, thus forcing them to espouse initiatives to enhance capacity by establishing modern confinement centers or acquiring other firms for correctional purpose since building new facilities is an expensive endeavor. The US has witnessed what is commonly known as an incarceration binge. Starting from the 1980s to date, its federal courts recorded 10 times higher rate of sentencing as contrasted to Holland, with even a more descending ratio among other Western nations such the UK and France. The US correctional system According to Smyer Burbank (2009), in the US, correctional system entails independent levels of confinement; collectively the county, or metropolitan administrated agencies that detain both locally suspected offenders as well as sentenced misdemeanants under a maximum of 12 months are known as jails, whereas prisons are state or federal correctional agencies hosting sentenced delinquents serving a minimum period of 12 months. At the national level or the Federal Bureau of Prisons (FBP) various departments involving Prison Camps, Correctional Institutions, along with the Penitentiary correctional intuitions are administered. With precise structuring of the system varying from county, state, and federal levels, the most common levels involve; supermax, administrative security, maximum, high, medium, close, security, low, minimum, and pre-release branches (Rhodes, 2007). Juvenile correctional centers are recognized as minor demeanor facilities and are specifically designed to hold pre- trial or convicted minors. While most Western and Asian countries have their distinctive justice approaches that can be used to make juveniles take accountability of their aggressive conducts. For instance, Canada may attempt to charge a minor as a grownup, and afterwards have him or her detained in a juvenile center until they surpass the age of eighteen, before being moved to an adult confinement setting. The US correctional system further administers a unit within the military department that is specially meant for detaining war convicts, and illegitimate combatants, who are individuals considered to be of federal security threat (Haasenritter, 2008). Such prisons might occasionally be converted into the mainstream facilities such as the Alcatraz Island facility, which was a civil war detention base but was later changed to an ordinary prison. While its psychiatric facilities or the Federal Medical Centers (FMC) also exhibits a similar correctional structure, especially when detaining violent or aggressive patients. Additionally, most detention facilities have psychiatric quarters meant for confining delinquents diagnosed with a broad range of psychological impairments. The 2006, global estimation of inmates was at 9.25 million, however, the 2007 US reports on inmate population rated it as the leading with over 2 million convicts, taking an annual $37 billion of the federal funds to administer. This year, Americas inmate population was approximated to be above 2.3 million inmates, at an annual maintenance expense of $74 billion. Observers and experts have also agreed that the US correctional facilities are contemporarily over congested with individuals being convicted at an alarming rate, with failure to construct new facilities at a matching level. Japanese correctional systems According to Hill (2009), the Japanese Constitution particularly grants protection from torture as well as oppression, inhuman, or humiliating correctional practices, while its Penal Code bars infringements as well as brutality toward inmates under illegitimate examination. However, reports by numerous bar unions, human rights groups, alongside other inmates suggests that police and correctional wardens have occasionally applied corporal violence, such as beating, flogging, as well as emotional coercion, to acquire affirmations from defendants in confinement or to uphold discipline. Hence the civic confidence has witnessed a drop in trust, as accusations persisted to indicate that the law enforcers and public security unions have been hesitant or lax in following up claims of police delinquency. The Japanese Constitution as well as the Criminal Code entails guarantees to ascertain that no delinquency suspect is subjected to a self-incriminating acknowledgment, nor charged or penalize d in verdicts where the sole proof against the defendant is his individual affirmation. The appellate panels have hence revoked some verdict currently on the basis of forced confessions. Confession is perceived as the initial step in the rehabilitative course, with the government pointing at the 90 percent of self confessions cases as the basis of positive standard of proof required to make judgment under its judicial system. Corporal restraints, involving leather handcuffs, persists to be applied as a form of sentence. Around the sixteenth century, as a result of economical demands and challenges associated with extensive confinement, besides prevailing codes of vengeance that recommended for capital verdicts or asylum for severe offenders, life sentence was infrequent. By the Meiji era which ended in 1912, the state espoused Western-model penology among other ideal correctional practices as well as legal organization. In 1990 Japans correctional system admitted about 47,000 inmates, with an estimate of 46 percent being repeat convicts, which was later attributed to the prosecutor, courts, and police exceptional influence. Previously, the Japanese Federation of Bar Associations (FBA) among other human rights organization have faulted the correctional practices, with stress on stern restraint and compliance to excess rules. While female and minors are confined in distinctive facilities away from male adul ts, with pre-trial inmates also confined independently from convicted inmates, though, its immigration confinement facilities are up to recommended global standards as suggested by Geraci (2003). Discussion Confinement has often been recognized as the foundation in a castigation structure that prioritizes retribution, prevention, rehabilitation and communal re-entry. Starting from the 18th century, Western countries have applied identical responses to delinquency challenges, with most of the ideals derived from a collective dedication democratic Enlightenment practices. Present reports also suggests that despite disparities in language, policies, culture, as well as customs, a substantial scope of comparison persist in the sentencing roles, processes, and the correctional choices that are currently prevalent between Western and Asian countries. However, the prevailing diversities in the sector between the two regions have been mainly influenced by religious beliefs, population, economical potency, and the magnitude of development. For instance, ancient Japan opted to exercise death penalty in order to restrain correctional maintenance expenses. One substitute of correctional approach th at has currently gained significant popularity across the globe is the restorative justice, which involves giving the casualty as well as the society whole again by re-establishing things as they were previously before the perpetuation of the offense as reported by Haasenritter (2008). In contrast, conventional noncustodial options have often involved bails, conditional or inconsistent confinement, probation, alongside work release. The main basic reprimands that are normally relied on to bar first-time offenders from confinement include probation among other models of communal supervision. Although, when aggression advances, civilians will fault the approach as being tolerant, thus community-tailored initiatives are perceived as remedial, as opposed to being punitive. According to Wu Zongxian (2003), the disproportion of current notions among regional policymakers regarding the bases of misdemeanor contributes to the clarification of the inconsistency in correctional trend and hypothesis between the Western and Asian nations. For instance in the US, and UK, lawmakers have proposed that transgression is the consequence of individual resolutions made by the relevant offenders. By overlooking most components of other theories, the policymakers have ushered in the use of incapacitation, along with more restraining sentences to stifle unlawful activities. Suppressing transnational crime is the greatest challenge to modern law enforcement. Developed nations need to help their undeveloped counterparts with expertise and training, in order to curb international crime which is mainly popular in the form of drug and ammunition dealings, human smuggling, terrorism, monetary laundering, and cybercrime. Even though criminals have no recognition for laws, the criminal justice departments aspires to adhere to a set of laws stipulated to defend the due process liberties of the civilians as noted by Boghossian et al (2012). Conclusion Today, all jurisdictions require a correctional system, to particularly help with upholding the integrity of the constitution as well as to enhance its potency to defend the society. The presence of the system is also critical to upholding the notion that there exist stations where individuals can be isolated if found guilty of breaching the revered norms. The rationale suggests that corrections serve to defend the community, assist in distinguishing the confines of conduct, besides enlightening every civilian on what is legal and illegal within a state. Most prevailing correctional systems assert the twin objectives of social security and equal sentence. Public defense is ascertained by designing a well-administered set of rules, facilities, and principles that are corresponding to and conversant with the judicial personnels as well as the collective social requirements. Finally, fair vengeance is often achieved by deploying various corrective and punitive practices to condemned cri minals that is presented in the form of humane protection, detention, and supervision.

Death in A Streetcar Named Desire Essay -- A Streetcar Named Desire Th

Death in A Streetcar Named Desire Tennessee Williams uses the theme of death continually in the play ‘A Streetcar Named Desire’ through the use of dramatic imagery and literal references. The characters of Blanche and Mitch are used the most frequently to express Williams’ own obsession with death. Though neither of the characters actually obsesses about death, Blanche’s life has been smothered by the deaths of those she loves and the coming death of Mitch’s mother is an obvious motivation for his actions. Blanche first voices the theme of death in the very first scene whilst discussing the fate that has befallen Belle Reve. She passionately raves at length about the horrible deaths and her experience of loved ones dying around her; â€Å"all of those deaths†¦ Father, Mother, Margaret, that dreadful way!† The horrific visions of bloated bodies and â€Å"the struggle for breath and breathing† have clearly cast a permanent effect on Blanche’s mind. She talks of the quiet funerals and the â€Å"gorgeous boxes† that were the coffins, with bitter, black humour. The deaths of Blanche and Stella’s family are important to the play as they highlight the desperation of Blanche’s situation through the fact that she has no other relative to turn to. This makes Stella’s decision at the end of the play seem even harsher than if Blanche had just simply shown up on her doorstep instead of going elsewhere. Stella states that Blanche’s life has been heavily affected by the death of her husband, Allan. Blanche’s marriage â€Å"killed her illusions† which can be interpreted literally. Blanche states that she fell in love â€Å"all at once and much, much too completely,† however, her love was unrequited since instead of returning the love Blan... ...o have experienced some sorrow,† which Mitch agrees with, thus revealing that he has been affected by the loss of this girl. This statement also emphasises much of Blanche’s own views on sorrow and explains how it has affected her life since she has made the comment from personal experience. To conclude, Tennessee Williams’ dramatic use of death and dying is an overarching theme in ‘A Streetcar Named Desire,’ from which everything about Blanche’s character has formed from. Without the death of Allan, Blanche would not have resorted to prostitution and the brief affairs with strangers, also the deaths of her family have driven Blanche to Stella’s where she is â€Å"not wanted† and â€Å"ashamed to be†. Therefore these dramatic deaths have lead to the past which comes back to haunt Blanche meaning that she can never find happiness until she dies and is forgotten.

Appearances - A Universal Concern :: essays research papers fc

Appearances - A Universal Concern   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A desire to appear attractive is universal; it permeates all cultures and peoples, and stretches from the past to the present. Throughout history, both men and women have gone to great lengths to become more attractive. In all parts of the world, people take many different measures to beautify themselves. Even move, the animal world also exhibits the desire to be attractive. Male birds of paradise, with their brilliant hues, contrast sharply with the females. Male peacocks have stunning tail-feathers that are obviously used to attract females as well.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although it is true that a subgroup of all peoples have expended great sums of money and energy to put themselves through a great deal of usually self- imposed tribulation and suffering, it is easy to discern the different perceptions of beauty held by various groups. These perceptions vary greatly abetween groups, which are demarcated by class, cultural, geographical, chronological, and religious borders, to name a few. What may be considered very attractive by one group may even be seen as repulsive in another. The gangster with tattoos all over his body, clothed in attire that is much too large, with rings in all the most unexpected places, and sporting an outrageous hairdo, considers himself very attractive indeed. Yet, so do the tall, smartly dressed businesspersons with their suit, tie, and white handkerchief. Men and women of the Victorian era, when women's ankles were not even permitted to be exposed, would surely be shocked at the revealing outfits that have been donned by members of today's society. In other words, one's perception of beauty is greatly influenced by the surrounding environment and the social groups to which he belongs. Yet, whatever one's perception of beauty, one thing is the same. This is that all have taken great pains about their appearance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Why are good appearances so important to people?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  People tend to make initial judgments by first impressions that are usually based on appearances to a great extent. These initial judgments are doubtlessly very important in many types of social, business, and other relationships. Moreover, it is much easier for an attractive person to be socially active. He or she is usually perceived as more pleasant, which makes it easier for him or her to approach others. Besides, some careers, such as models, actors or actresses, television anchors, and salespersons rely to a significant extent on their outward appearances. They must do their best to please the audience, draw attention, or make a sale.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The following three experiments done by the television news magazine 20/20 illustrate the difference that appearances can have in one's everyday life, Appearances - A Universal Concern :: essays research papers fc Appearances - A Universal Concern   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A desire to appear attractive is universal; it permeates all cultures and peoples, and stretches from the past to the present. Throughout history, both men and women have gone to great lengths to become more attractive. In all parts of the world, people take many different measures to beautify themselves. Even move, the animal world also exhibits the desire to be attractive. Male birds of paradise, with their brilliant hues, contrast sharply with the females. Male peacocks have stunning tail-feathers that are obviously used to attract females as well.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although it is true that a subgroup of all peoples have expended great sums of money and energy to put themselves through a great deal of usually self- imposed tribulation and suffering, it is easy to discern the different perceptions of beauty held by various groups. These perceptions vary greatly abetween groups, which are demarcated by class, cultural, geographical, chronological, and religious borders, to name a few. What may be considered very attractive by one group may even be seen as repulsive in another. The gangster with tattoos all over his body, clothed in attire that is much too large, with rings in all the most unexpected places, and sporting an outrageous hairdo, considers himself very attractive indeed. Yet, so do the tall, smartly dressed businesspersons with their suit, tie, and white handkerchief. Men and women of the Victorian era, when women's ankles were not even permitted to be exposed, would surely be shocked at the revealing outfits that have been donned by members of today's society. In other words, one's perception of beauty is greatly influenced by the surrounding environment and the social groups to which he belongs. Yet, whatever one's perception of beauty, one thing is the same. This is that all have taken great pains about their appearance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Why are good appearances so important to people?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  People tend to make initial judgments by first impressions that are usually based on appearances to a great extent. These initial judgments are doubtlessly very important in many types of social, business, and other relationships. Moreover, it is much easier for an attractive person to be socially active. He or she is usually perceived as more pleasant, which makes it easier for him or her to approach others. Besides, some careers, such as models, actors or actresses, television anchors, and salespersons rely to a significant extent on their outward appearances. They must do their best to please the audience, draw attention, or make a sale.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The following three experiments done by the television news magazine 20/20 illustrate the difference that appearances can have in one's everyday life,